2 Samuel 15:16

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּצֵ֥א went forth H3318
וַיֵּצֵ֥א went forth
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 1 of 13
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ And the king H4428
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 13
a king
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 13
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַבָּֽיִת׃ and all his household H1004
הַבָּֽיִת׃ and all his household
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 4 of 13
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
בְּרַגְלָ֑יו after H7272
בְּרַגְלָ֑יו after
Strong's: H7272
Word #: 5 of 13
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב left H5800
וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב left
Strong's: H5800
Word #: 6 of 13
to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ And the king H4428
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 7 of 13
a king
אֵ֣ת H853
אֵ֣ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֶ֧שֶׂר ten H6235
עֶ֧שֶׂר ten
Strong's: H6235
Word #: 9 of 13
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
נָשִׁ֛ים women H802
נָשִׁ֛ים women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 10 of 13
a woman
פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים which were concubines H6370
פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים which were concubines
Strong's: H6370
Word #: 11 of 13
a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour
לִשְׁמֹ֥ר to keep H8104
לִשְׁמֹ֥ר to keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 12 of 13
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
הַבָּֽיִת׃ and all his household H1004
הַבָּֽיִת׃ and all his household
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 13 of 13
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources

Bible Stories